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Reliability-based robust design optimization of vehicle components, Part II: Case studies

Yimin ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第2期页码 145-153 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0334-1

摘要：

The reliability-based optimization, the reliability-based sensitivity analysis and robust design method are employed to propose an effective approach for reliability-based robust design optimization of vehicle components in Part I. Applications of the method are further discussed for reliability-based robust optimization of vehicle components in this paper. Examples of axles,torsion bar, coil and composite springs are illustrated for numerical investigations. Results have shown the proposed method is an efficient method for reliability-based robust design optimization of vehicle components.

关键词： vehicle axles and springs reliability-based design optimization reliability-based sensitivity analysis multi-objective optimization robust design

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汽车零部件（轴）的可靠性稳健优化设计

张义民,贺向东,刘巧伶,闻邦椿

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第4期页码 67-71

摘要：

应用汽车零部件可靠性稳健优化设计的理论方法，对汽车典型轴系零部件，如半轴、前轴和后桥进行了可靠性稳健优化设计，给出了计算仿真分析结果，为工程实际的汽车零部件的可靠性稳健优化设计提供了理论依据。

关键词：轴可靠性灵敏度多目标优化稳健设计

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汽车零部件（弹簧）的可靠性稳健优化设计

张义民,贺向东,刘巧伶,闻邦椿

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第5期页码 61-64

摘要：

应用汽车零部件可靠性稳健优化设计的理论方法，对汽车典型弹簧系零部件，如扭杆弹簧、螺旋弹簧和钢板弹簧进行了可靠性稳健优化设计，给出了计算仿真分析结果，为工程实际的汽车零部件的可靠性稳健优化设计提供了理论依据。

关键词：弹簧可靠性灵敏度多目标优化稳健设计

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An overview of selected topics in smart grids

S. Hari Charan CHERUKURI,Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 441-458 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0418-6

摘要： Smart technologies when used in the traditional grid infrastructure will provide a different environment and working conditions in the grid by bringing the required smartness into the grid, called the smart grid. The smart grid can play a major role in the upcoming days to come because there is a necessity to integrate coordinated renewable energy resources into the grid and to operate the grids at a higher efficiency considering many aspects including reliability of the supply. Apart from this, there is a necessity to manage the demand supply gap in the smart grid by optimally scheduling the generators or by effectively scheduling the demand side resources instead of going for the traditional methods like partial or full load shedding. This paper presents an overview on the present state-of-the-art of smart grid technologies and broadly classifies the papers referred into two major areas, papers based on improvement of operational efficiency in smart grids and papers based on smartness in maintaining the demand supply gap. Some of the papers projected in this work also give a brief overview of the necessity of the smart grid.

关键词： smart grid demand side management electric springs operational efficiency

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长征三号系列运载火箭

龙乐豪

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 11-18

摘要：

论述了长征三号系列运载火箭诞生的背景、设计思路、总体技术方案、应用发射结果及其在技术与研制工作方面的特点，展望了其发展前景，指出该系列运载火箭是我国目前性能先进的大型主力商业应用发射火箭群体。

关键词：航天大型运载火箭发射服务长征三号系列

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Recent developments in passive interconnected vehicle suspension

Wade A. SMITH, Nong ZHANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 1-18 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0092-z

摘要： This paper presents an overall review on the historical concept development and research advancement of passive hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) systems. It starts with an introduction to passive HIS systems and their various incarnations developed over many decades. Next, a description is provided of a recently proposed multidisciplinary approach for the frequency-domain analysis of vehicles fitted with an HIS. The experimental validation and applications of the method to both free and forced vibration analysis are discussed based on a simplified, roll-plane half-car model. A finite-element-method-based approddach for modelling the transient dynamics of an HIS vehicle is also briefly outlined. In addition, recent work on the investigation of NVH associated with HIS-equipped vehicles is mentioned. Discussion is then provided on future work to the further understanding of HIS and its applications. The paper concludes that interconnected suspension schemes can provide much greater flexibility to independently specify modal stiffness and damping parameters – a characteristic unique among passive suspensions. It points out that there is a need for system optimisation, and there are troublesome NVH issues that require solutions. It suggests that further research attention and effort be paid to NVH issues and system level optimisation to gain a greater understanding of HIS and to broaden its applications.

关键词： interconnected suspensions rollover prevention vehicle dynamics ride comfort multibody system dynamics hydraulic system dynamics

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2023年度机械与运载工程前沿

机械与运载工程项目组

《全球工程前沿》 2023年第7卷第1期页码 7-34

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Cumulant-based correlated probabilistic load flow considering photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle

Nitesh Ganesh BHAT, B. Rajanarayan PRUSTY, Debashisha JENA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 184-196 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0465-7

摘要： This paper applies a cumulant-based analytical method for probabilistic load flow (PLF) assessment in transmission and distribution systems. The uncertainties pertaining to photovoltaic generations and aggregate bus load powers are probabilistically modeled in the case of transmission systems. In the case of distribution systems, the uncertainties pertaining to plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and battery electric vehicle charging demands in residential community as well as charging stations are probabilistically modeled. The probability distributions of the result variables (bus voltages and branch power flows) pertaining to these inputs are accurately established. The multiple input correlation cases are incorporated. Simultaneously, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated on a modified Ward-Hale 6-bus system and an IEEE 14-bus transmission system as well as on a modified IEEE 69-bus radial and an IEEE 33-bus mesh distribution system. The results of the proposed method are compared with that of Monte-Carlo simulation.

关键词： battery electric vehicle extended cumulant method photovoltaic generation plug-in hybrid electric vehicle probabilistic load flow

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Emission components characteristics of a bi-fuel vehicle at idling condition

Sameh M. METWALLEY, Shawki A. ABOUEL-SEOUD, Abdelfattah M. FARAHAT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 322-329 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0158-6

摘要： Natural gas (NG) represents today a promising alternative to conventional fuels for road vehicles propulsion, since it is characterized by a relatively low cost, better geopolitical distribution than oil, and lower environmental impact. This explains the current spreading of compressed natural gas (CNG) fuelled spark ignition (SI) engine, above all in the bi-fuel version, which is able to run either with gasoline or with NG. However, the aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the emission characteristics at idling condition. The vehicle engine was converted to bi-fueling system from a gasoline engine, and operated separately either with gasoline or CNG. Two different fuel injection systems (i.e., multi-point injection (MPI)-sequential and closed-loop venturi-continuous) are used, and their influences on the formation of emissions at different operating conditions are examined. A detailed comparative analysis of the engine exhaust emissions using gasoline and CNG is made. The results indicate that the CNG shows low air index and lower emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ), and total hydrocarbon (THC) compared to gasoline.

关键词： road vehicle engine fuel injection systems carbon monoxide (CO) carbon dioxide (CO₂) total hydrocarbon (THC) vehicle idle conditions air index

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Heavy vehicle dynamics with balanced suspension based on enveloping tire model

Yongjie LU, Shaopu YANG, Shaohua LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 476-482 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0120-z

摘要： The tire-road contact mechanics is the key problem in vehicle ride comfort and road-friendliness research. A flexible roller contact (FRC) tire model with the enveloping property is introduced to reflect the contact history between the tire and the road. Based on D’Alembert principle, an integral balanced suspension (IBS) model is established, considering mass and moment of? inertia of? the stabilizer rod. ?The sprung mass accelera- tion and tire dynamic force for balanced suspension and the traditional quarter-vehicle model are compared respectively for frequency and time domain responses. It is concluded that the quarter-vehicle model can be used to evaluate the ride comfort of vehicles; however, it has some limitations in evaluating the vehicle road-friendliness. Then, the dynamics performances for IBS model are analyzed with the single point contact (SPC) model and FRC model, respectively. These works are expected to propose a new idea for the vehicle-road interaction research.

关键词： heavy vehicle integral balanced suspension enveloping properties ride comfort road-friendliness

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Sectional model test study on vortex-excited resonance of vehicle-bridge system of Shanghai Bridge over

Li ZHOU, Yaojun GE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 67-72 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0007-4

摘要： It is necessary to study how vehicles influence the vortex-excited resonance of vehicle-bridge systems, because lock-in wind speed is low and vortex-excited resonance is sensitive to any change in the main girder sections. Based on the Shanghai Bridge over the Yangtse River, the vortex-excited resonance of a 1∶60 scale sectional model was tested in a TJ-1wind tunnel, with or without vehicles at the attack angle of 0°, +3 and -3°, respectively. The conversion relationships between the resonant amplitudes of the sectional model and that of the prototype bridge were also established by mode shape correction. The result indicates that: 1) for the bridge with vehicles, the vertical vortex-excited resonance is accompanied by torsion vibration with the same frequency, and vice versa, 2) the amplitude of vortex-excited resonance of the bridge with vehicles is much larger than that of the bridge without vehicles, and 3) the lock-in wind speed of the vortex-excited resonance becomes smaller due to the disturbance of vehicles. It is obvious that vehicles bring about changes in the aerodynamic shape of the main girder. Therefore, the influence of vehicles on vortex-excited resonance performance of vehicle-bridge systems, in terms of both amplitude and mode, should not be ignored.

关键词： vehicle-bridge system sectional mode vortex-excited resonance wind tunnel test mode shape correction

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Biding strategy of vehicle parking for participating in energy and spinning reserve markets

Ali MANSOORI,Rahmat AAZAMI,Ramin SAYADI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 403-411 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0333-7

摘要： In this paper a model for suggesting a smart parking that involves a set of electric cars is presented to auction the management ability and correct parking planning in reserve spinning market, secondary energy market and grid. Parking interest under various scenarios is analyzed and its effective results are presented by a valid model. Besides, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for calculating maximum benefit.

关键词： vehicle-to-grid (V2G) spinning reserve energy secondary market smart parking

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Reliability-based robust design optimization of vehicle components, Part I: Theory

Yimin ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第2期页码 138-144 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0333-2

摘要：

The reliability-based design optimization, the reliability sensitivity analysis and robust design method are employed to present a practical and effective approach for reliability-based robust design optimization of vehicle components. A procedure for reliability-based robust design optimization of vehicle components is proposed. Application of the method is illustrated by reliability-based robust design optimization of axle and spring. Numerical results have shown that the proposed method can be trusted to perform reliability-based robust design optimization of vehicle components.

关键词： vehicle components reliability-based design optimization reliability-based sensitivity analysis multi-objective optimization robust design

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中国车用能源需求和关键材料资源可获性分析

彭天铎,袁志逸,袁杰辉,朱旭峰,欧训民

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 127-132 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.018

摘要：

随着中国汽车产销量和保有量的迅速增长，车用能源和资源成为汽车强国战略中的一个重要问题。本研究基于清华大学中国车用能源研究中心所开发的中国汽车保有量预测模型，对未来汽车规模进行预测，对车用能源和资源的利用现状、技术发展水平、发展趋势等进行研究，并提出相应政策建议。研究结果表明，中国汽车保有量将持续增长，车用燃料供需矛盾将进一步凸显，汽车材料所需矿产资源储备、产品性能和技术水平有待提升。建议出台相关政策，提前布局，积极应对未来汽车工业面临的能源和资源方面的挑战。

关键词：汽车保有量车用能源矿产资源发展对策

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Possible role of power-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid as storages and flexible loads in the German 110

Erik BLASIUS

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 146-154 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0475-5

摘要： The sectoral coupling of road traffic (in form of E-Mobility) and electrical energy supply (known as power-to-vehicle (P2V), vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is discussed as one of the possible development concepts for the flexible system integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and the support of the objectives of the German energy transition (aka. Energiewende). It is obvious that E-mobility, which shall produce as few emissions as possible, should be based on the exclusive use of renewable energies. At the same time, the E-mobility can help to reduce the negative effects of the grid integration of RES to the distribution grids. However, this assumes that the electric vehicles are smart integrated to the grids where they charge, meaning that they must be able to communicate and be controllable. Because per se unplanned and uncontrollable charging processes are harmful for the grid operation, especially if they occur frequently and unexpected in similar time periods, the effects can hardly be controlled and can lead to serious technical problems in practical grid operation. This paper provides an insight into the current development of E-mobility in Germany. The insight will be matched with the German development of the RES. By the combination of both sectors, the possible role of the E-mobility for the distribution grid will be depicted, which can have positive and negative aspects.

关键词： P2V V2G grid integration electric vehicles distribution grid